The parabola $P$ passes through the points $K=[4; 5]$, $L=[2; 1]$ and $M=[-1; 0]$ and its symmetry axis is parallel to the $x$ axis. Determine the distance between the focus and the vertex of the parabola.
David solved this problem using the following steps:
(1) Initially, he wrote down the equation of the parabola in vertex form. The axis of parabola $P$ is parallel to the $x$-axis, so its vertex form is: $$P:(y - v_2)^2 = 2p(x - v_1),$$ where $[v_1; v_2]$ are the coordinates of the vertex and $|2p|$ is the distance of the focus $F$ from the directrix of the parabola $P$, i.e. $$|VF|=|p|$$
(2) Next, David used the information that the parabola passes through the points $K=[4; 5]$, $L=[2; 1]$ and $M=[-1; 0]$:
\begin{aligned} K \in P:\quad (5 - v_2)^2 &= 2p(4 - v_1)\cr L \in P:\quad (1 - v_2)^2 &= 2p(2 - v_1)\cr M \in P:\quad (0 - v_2)^2 &= 2p(-1 - v_1) \end{aligned}
(3) Solving the above system of three equations with three variables, David determined the value of $p$. At first, he expanded the parentheses in each of the equations: \begin{aligned} 25 - 10v_2 + v_2^2 &= 8p - 2pv_1\cr 1 - 2v_2 + v_2^2 &= 4p - 2pv_1\cr v_2^2 &= -2p - 2pv_1\cr\hline \end{aligned}
Then, he substituted the value of $v_2^2$ obtained from the third equation, into the first two equations: \begin{aligned} 25 - 10v_2 - 2p - 2pv_1 = 8p - 2pv_1\cr 1 - 2v_2 - 2p - 2pv_1 = 4p - 2pv_1\cr\hline \end{aligned}
Subsequently, he added the expression $2pv_1 + 2p$ to both sides of both equations:
\begin{aligned} 25 - 10v_2 &= 10p\cr 1 - 2v_2 &= 6p\cr\hline \end{aligned}
Then, he divided the first equation by $-5$:
\begin{aligned} -5 + 2v_2 &= -2p\cr 1 - 2v_2 &= 6p\cr\hline \end{aligned}
Finally, by summing the two equations, he calculated the value of $p$. $$-4 = 4p\ \Rightarrow \ p = -1$$
(4) David concluded that $|VF|=|p|=|-1|=1$.
Is David's solution correct? If not, determine where David made a mistake.
David's solution is correct.
The mistake is in step (1). David incorrectly determined the meaning of the parameter $p$ from the equation of the parabola.
The mistake is in step (2). David incorrectly substituted the given points into the equation of the parabola.
The mistake is in step (3). David incorrectly calculated the value of the parameter $p$.
David incorrectly determined the meaning of the parameter $p$ from the equation of the parabola. In fact, $|p|$ is the distance of the focus $F$ from the directrix of the parabola, i.e. $$|VF|=\frac12|p|$$ Since the value of $p$ came out to be $p = -1$, the distance between the focus $F$ and the vertex $V$ of the parabola $P$ is $0.5$.